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By the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in 1992
the Ternopil State Medical University was named after
Academician Ivan Horbachevsky
IVAN HORBACHEVSKY
(Johann/ Jan Horbaczewski)
Born: 15.05.1854 (Ternopil region, Ukraine)
Died: 24.05.1942 (Prague)
Field of activity:
Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, Medical Chemistry, Public Health.
Dr. Ivan Horbachevsky (Horbaczewski) was one of the most famous scientists of his time in the field of chemical organic synthesis. His investigations were a revolution in medical, organic and biological chemistry. List of titles and positions:
Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of Medical Chemistry Department, Dean of Faculty of Medicine at the Czech University, Prague, Rector of the Czech University, Prague, Member of the Sanitary Council of the Czech Kingdom, Member of the Highest Health Council of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in Vienna, Member of the Technical Investigation Council in Vienna, a Life Member of Lords' House of Austrian Parliament, 1st Minister of Health of Austro-Hungarian Empire, Rector of the Free Ukrainian University in Prague, Member of the Ukrainian University of Sciences, Full and Honorary Member of the T. Shevchenko Scientific Society, Ukraine.
ACTIVITIES OF DR. I.HORBACHEVSKY IN AUSTRIA
In 1877 a young graduate of the University of Vienna, Doctor of Medical Sciences Ivan Horbachevsky was appointed as an assistant at the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, the University of Vienna. In 1882 he was the first person in the science world to synthesize uric acid from urea and glycine aminoacid. This discovery brought great glory to Austrian science and to Vienna University. Great attention to the synthesis of uric acid outside the organism is explained by the fact that the so- called vitalistic approach existed in biomedicine those days, according to which the substances contained in the living organism cannot be synthesized artificially outside the organism.
In his works Dr. Ivan Horbachevsky explored the causes and pathogenesis of gout, mechanisms of catabolism of mononucleotides, which are constituents of nucleic acids. His hypotheses as to the nature and causes of pellagra were proved by the next generation of scientists and provided the groundwork for developing a rational human nutrition system. His persistent research work in the spheres of organic and biological chemistry enabled him to isolate virtually all amino acids and prove that amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. One of his achievements was that he determined the origins of uric acid in organism.
The significance of his works devoted to the conversion of nucleic acids to end products is highly regarded in the point of view of the regulation of synthesis and decomposition of nucleic acids, which has an impact on our ideas about the life at the molecular level. Due to his great managerial and leadership skills Dr. Horbachevsky was offered a position in the Highest Sanitary Council in Vienna; later he became the President of the Council.
Being one of the most outstanding scientific and public figures of his time, Dr. Horbachevsky was appointed as the first Minister of Health in 1918, thus becoming the founder of the Ministry of Health in Austria, the first Ministry of Health in the world. The development plan and the program of activities, suggested by Dr. Horbachevsky for the Austrian Ministry of Health, were used for organizing equivalent ministries in the United Kingdom, France, and other countries.
For his outstanding achievements in chemical and medical science and public health, Dr. Horbachevsky was elected as a life member of the House of Lords of the Austrian Parliament and an advisor to the Austrian royal court.
ACTIVITIES OF DR. I.HORBACHEVSKY IN CZECH REPUBLIC
In 1884 Dr. Horbachevsky became the first professor ever in medical chemistry at the Czech University in Prague. Although being very young, he earned scientific reputation by his paper on the preparation of uric acid by careful melting a mixture of glycine and urea, published in German on just 40 lines. (It was the young author’s third publication.) This was regarded as a great achievement, as this synthesis was attempted without success by the famous Friedrich Wohler (1800-1892), who synthesized urea in 1828.
Dr. Horbachevsky founded the Institute of Medical Chemistry at Charles University, and is regarded as a co-founder of Czech biochemistry. In fact, he created a scientific school of biochemistry, and developed the scientific bases of experimental biochemistry, the work that is being successfully continued by his followers.
Dr. Horbachevsky is recognized as the founder of the teaching subject of medical chemistry, which was introduced to the curricula at all of the Czech Faculties of Medicine. This was facilitated by one of his most fundamental works - the four-volume Czech university textbook of medical chemistry) with its 1,309 pages dealing with inorganic, organic and biological chemistry, which was compiled and published by Dr. Horbachevsky in 1904-1909.
Dr. Horbachevsky was appointed four times as the Dean of the Czech Faculty of Medicine and once as the Rector of the Czech University in Prague (1902-1903). Professor Horbachevsky was active at the Faculty of Medicine until 1917, i.e. 34 years. For his outstanding scientific and public service, Dr. Horbachevsky was elected as a member of the Royal Czech Scientific Society (later the Czech University of Sciences), a member of the Czech Sanitary Council. Dr. Horbachevsky made great efforts to improve the environmental situation in the Czech Republic. According to his recommendations the system of sewage treatment was developed in Prague, which prevented the spread of typhoid fever and other infectious diseases among the population.
The works of Dr. Horbachevsky became an invaluable contribution to Czech science. He developed new methods of synthesizing uric acid, creatine, and discovered the xanthine oxidase enzyme and elements of nucleic acids in the cells, which form uric acid.
THE IMPACT OF DR. HORBACHEVSKY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN SCIENCE AND CULTURE
Having spent eventually all of his adult life outside Ukraine, Dr. Horbachevsky always demonstrated great concern for his home country, its achievements and problems. He made great efforts to support the struggle for Ukrainian independence. In spite of the existing totalitarian regime, he promoted Ukrainian science and culture. He contributed greatly to establishing the Ukrainian University in Lviv. Dr. Horbachevsky was elected as a member of the T. Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lviv.
The brilliant scientist was one of the founders and later the first President of the Ukrainian Medical Association. In 1926 and 1932 he organized the 1st and the 2nd Ukrainian Scientific Congresses. His successful activities promoted Ukrainian science on the world level.
Dr. Horbachevsky made great efforts to create a national medical school. His leadership qualities and persistent work contributed greatly to establishing the Ukrainian Free University in Prague. In 1931-34, Dr. Horbachevsky became the Rector of the University, which trained hundreds of physicians - Ukrainians, Czechs, and Slovaks. Publishing the first Ukrainian university textbook "Organic Chemistry" in Prague was an invaluable contribution to the development of Ukrainian science. Much was done by Dr. Horbachevsky in the sphere of developing Ukrainian scientific chemical terminology.
Dr. Horbachevsky established a charitable foundation to help students from low-income social groups. In Prague, he established the Ukrainian Liberation Struggle Museum Society and chaired its Board. He participated in the meeting of the Ukrainian Parliamentary Representation in Vienna, which supported the Ukrainian liberation movement and proclaimed the Western Ukrainian People's Republic in 1918.
In 1925, Dr. Horbachevsky was elected as the Academician of the Ukrainian University of Sciences in Kyiv in the field of biochemistry. He trained numerous physicians and biochemistry researchers for Ukraine.
Considering Dr. Horbachevsky's invaluable impact on the development of world biochemical science, his outstanding political, educational and public activities in Austria, the Czech Republic and Ukraine, and his contribution into the cooperation between the nations, by the resolution of the 32nd Session of UNESCO's General Conference in the year 2004 UNESCO was associated with celebration of the 150th anniversary of the date of birth of Ivan Horbachevsky (Horbaczewski).
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